Math

Using numbers, number operators, and math functions.

Numeric values: 0, 1, 2, 6.7, 10.083…

Just numbers by themselves. Sometimes these are called numeric literals.

Integers: whole numbers

let num = 0;
num = 0;
num = 1;
num = 2;

Floating points: numbers with a fractional part (Not supported)

Arithmetic binary operation (+, -, *, /)

The operations for basic arithmetic: add, subtract, multiply, and divide.

let more = 0+1;
let less = 0-1;
let twice = 1*2;
let divide = 8/4;

Remainder (%)

This is a extra operator for division. You can find out how much is left over if one number doesn’t divide into the other number evenly.

We know that 4 / 2 = 2, so 2 divides into 4 evenly. But, 5 / 2 = 2 with a remainder of 1. So, the remainder operation, 5 % 2 = 1, gives the number that’s left over from a division operation.

let remainder = 7%4;

Exponent (**)

The exponent operator will multiply the number on the left by itself for the amount of times of the number on its right. That is, 4 ** 2 = 4 * 4 and 2 ** 3 = 2 * 2 * 2. The area of a square that has sides with a length of 5 is equal to one side multiplied by another. For a square, all sides are equal, so:

let side = 5;
let area = side * side;

But using the exponent operator, this is the same as:

let side = 5;
let area = side ** 2;

The volume of a cube is three sides multiplied together. The two volumes are the same:

let side = 5;
let volume1 = side * side * side;
let volume2 = side ** 3;

Square root

The square root of a number is another number that when multiplied by itself it becomes the original number. You know that 2 * 2 equals 4 so the square root of 4 is 2. It’s called a square root because the area of a square is the length of two equal sides multplied together. The root is the length of a side.

let side = 5
let square = side * side
let root = Math.sqrt(side)

Absolute value

When you want to know how much a number is without its sign (+/-). The absolute value of -5 is 5 and the absolute value of 5 is also 5. The absolute value is sometimes called the magnitude.

let item = Math.abs(-5);

Minimum and maximum of two values

You can get the smaller or the bigger of two numbers with the min and max functions.

The minimum of 2 and 9: Math.min(2, 9) equals 2.
The maximum of 3 and 9: Math.max(3, 9) equals 9.

let minval = Math.min(0, 1);
let maxval = Math.max(8, 2);

Random value

Make up any number from a minimum value to a some maximum value. If you want a random number up to 100, say: Math.randomRange(0, 100).

let myRandom = Math.randomRange(0, 5);